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Old nordish about 900

This is the nearish spread of Old Northmannish and kindred tungs in the early 10th hundredyear. The red ground is the spread of the speech Old West Northmannish; the orange ground is the spread of the speech Old East Northmannish. The pink ground is Old Gutnish and the green ground is the spread of the other Theedish tungs with which Old Northmannish still kept some evenway understanding.

Old Norse or Old Northmannish (Old West Northmannish: Norrœnt mál. Old East Northmannish: Dǫnsk tunga) was a Northern Theedish tung spoken in Sheddeny from 800 until about 1300. As a Theedish speech, it is akin to English, Theech, and Netherlandish; however, being a North Theedish tung, it is nearer to the nowen tungs of Sheddeny. Withal, it is also slightly akin to other Ind-Europish tungs, such as Romish, Greekish, Sanskrit, the Welsh and Winnetish tungs, and other stems of Ind-Europish. It sprang straight from Ornorthmannish and soon split into the bytungs of Old West Norse, Old East Norse, and Gutnish. Old West Norse begat the nowen tungs Nornish, Icelandish, and Faroish, whilst Old East Norse begat the nowen tungs Danish, Swedish, and Elfdalish. Of these, Icelandish is the speech that has shifted the least, keeping all of Old Northmannish's stavecraft.


Speechsteadlore[]

Framework board of speechsteads:

Lip Teeth Alveolar Palatal Velar Lip-velar Throat
Stop p b t d k g
Nose m n (ŋ)
Fricative f v θ (ð) s (ɣ) h
Trill r
Approximant j w
Tongueside Approximant l


Stavecraft[]

Old Northmannish is a tung of many word endings.

Namewords and Honewords[]

Namewords and honewords take endings for abying, kin, and atell, and whether they are strong or weak. Here is the stavecraft of a manly nameword, armr, "arm."

Abying One Many
nemmeningly armr armar
streeningly arms arma
foryeavingly armi ǫrmum
wrayingly arm arma

Old Northmannish can bind the words "a/an" and "the" to the end of words as well. As a forebisen, úlfr ("a wolf") and úlfrinn" ("the wolf")

Wording Forebisen[]

Þórr heitir áss, ok er sterkr mjök ok oft reiðr. Hann á hamar góðan. Þórr ferr oft til Jötunheima ok vegr þar marga jötna með hamrinum. Þórr á ok vagn er flýgr. Hann ekr vagninum um himininn. Þar er Þórr ekr, er stormr.

Anglish Awending:

A god hight Thor, that is much strong and oft wrathful. He has a good hammer. Thor fares oft to Ettinhome and slays there many ettins with the hammer. Thor also owns a wain that flies. He drives the wain about the sky. Where Thor goes, there are storms.

Deedwords[]

Wordsetting[]

Wordhoard[]

Old Northmannish loan words in English/Anglish[]

The living together of the English and Northmen in the Danelaw beget many Old Northmannish loan words in the English word-hoard . The share of loan words in steadly bytungs in Scotland and northern England is even higher than in mean English. Below is a list of some Old Northmannish loan words in English and Scots.

English Scots Old Northmannish orspringly meaning
aloft alaft á lopt on loft
anger anger angr swench
awe awe agi qualmthrea
are are er, erum, eruð, eru to be (2. sg and pl)
auk auk auk far-northern seabird
awkward ackwart ǫfugr turned-backward

Old Northmannish Speechcraft[]

Old Northmannish is well-known for its leethsongs. It is the tung of the Icelandish sagas, the greatest spring of knowledge about the Northmannish gods, folklore, and eretide.



Links to leaves about tungs (adight)
Kin of tungs Tungs
Ind-Europish tungs
Theedish tungs North Theedish tungs: Faroish - Norish - Icelandish (High Icelandish) - Old Norse - Old Gutnish - South Jutish - Danish - Swedish - Gutnish (moot) - Elfdalish (moot) - Norn tung (dead)
West Theedish tungs:
Weser-Rhine Theedish tungs: Old Low Frankish - Netherlandish - Highsunlandish tung - Zeelandish - Flemish (moot)
Elbe Theedish tungs: Old High Theech - Theech tung - Allmenish - Bairish - Wymysorys tung - Lombardish (dead) - Littleburgish - Yiddish - Ripuarish
North Sea Theedish tungs: Saxish (Old Saxish - Middle Low Saxish - Low Saxish) | English (Old English - Middle English - Latterday English - Anglish (moot) - Lowland Scottish - Northumberish tung (moot) Cumberish tung (moot) - Yola) | Friesish (Old Friesish - Western Friesish - Northern Friesish - Saterland Friesish)

East Theedish tungs (dead): Gottish tung - Wendish tung - Burgundish tung

Celtish tungs Mainland Celtish tungs (dead): Galatish - Gaulish - Celtiberish - Gallaicish - Lepontish - East Celtish tung
Gelish tungs: Irish - Scottish Gelish - Manx tung
Brythonish tungs: Cornish - Welsh - Breton tung
Other: Shelta
Balt-Windish tungs Windish tungs:
East Windish tungs: Russish - Ukrainish - White Russish -Russinish
West Windish tungs: Slesish - Polish - Bohemish (a.k.a. Checkish) - Slovakish - Kashubish - West Pomeranish (dead) - Polabish/Onelbish (dead) - Upper Sorbish - Lower Sorbish
South Windish tungs: Serb-Croatish (Serbish - Blackbarrowish - Bosnish - Croatish) - Bulgarish - Macedonish - Slovenish

Baltish tungs:
Eastern Baltish tungs: Lettish - Latgalish (moot) - Lithuish - Samogitish (moot) - Selonish (dead) - Zemgalish (dead) - Courlandish (dead)
Western Baltish tungs (dead): Old Prussish - Sudovish - Western Galindish - Skalvish?
Eastern Galindish (dead)
Italish tungs Sabellish tungs (dead): Umbrish - Osckish - Volscish - Sabinish? - South Picenish - Marsish - Fore-Samnitish


Latish-Faliscish tungs (dead):
Latish (Folklatish) - Faliscish
Romanish tungs: Italish-Western tungs:
Italish-Dalmatish: Istriotish tung - Tuscish - Venetish - Sassarish - Sicilish - Italish
Western-Romanish tungs: Gallish-Romanish (Old French - Middle French - Latterday French - Wallonish - Normandish (Angle-Normandish) - Burgundish tung (Romanish) - Savoyardish - Occitanish - Catalandish - Lombardish) - Ligurish - Foothillish - Emilianish | Iberish-Romanish tungs (Spanish - Mirandish - Portugalish - Sephardish)
Eastern-Romanish tungs: Romeenish - Aromeenish - Meglenitish - Istro-Romeenish (deathbound)
Sardinish

Hellenish tungs Greekish - Tsakonish - Yevanish
Ind-Iranish tungs Ind-Aryish: (Hindlandish offshoots: Hindish - Urdu tung) - Punjabish - Sindhish - Mean Rajasthanish - Gujaratish - Romani tungs - Kashmirish - Nepalish - Chhattisgarhish - Bhojpurish - Maithili tung - Odia tung - Bengalish - Assamish - Marathi tung - Singhalish - Maldivish


Iranish: Persish - Kurdish tungs - Old Persish (dead) - Medish (dead) - Old Azerish - Parthish - Balochi tung - Gilanish - Mazanderani tung - Gorganish (dead) - Semnanish - Sangsarish - Lasgerdi tung - Sorkhei tung - Zaza tung - Gorani tung - Talysh tung - Gozarkhani tung - Karinganish - Tatish - Southern Bashkardi tung - Garmsiri tung - Sivandi tung - Gazi tung - Kumzari tung - Larestanish - Lurish - Kuhmareyi tung - Pashtunish - Bactrish (dead) - Khwarezmish (dead) - Sogdish (dead) - Wakhi tung - Munjanish - Yidgha tung - Ormuri tung - Parachi tung - Yaghnobish - Ossetish - Old Avestish (dead) - Younger Avestish (dead)
Nuristanish tungs: Kamkata-vari tung - Wasi-wari tung - Ashkunish - Waigalish - Tregamish - Zemyaki tung (deathbound)

Anatolish tungs Hettitish - Palaish Luvish - Lykish - Milyish - Carish - Sidetish - Pisidish - Lydish
Other Ind-Europish Albanish - Armenish - Thracish (dead) - Dacish (dead) - Lusitanish (dead) - Illyrish (dead) - Messapish (dead) - Frygish (dead) - Paionish (dead) - Mysish (dead) - Liburnish (dead) - Cimmerish (dead) - Sicelish? (dead)
Afrosunriselandish tungs
Semitish tungs Amharish - Arabish - Aramaish - Hebrew - Assyrish
Uralish tungs
Balt-Fennish Estish - Finnish - Sami tungs - Livonish (deathbound) - Karelish - Vepsish - Ludish (moot) - Votish (deathbound) - Izhorish (deathbound)
Ugrish? Ungarish - Chantish - Mansish
Turkish tungs
Oghuz Mickleyard Turkish - Azerish - Turkmen tung
Karluk Uzbek tung - Uyghur tung
Khalaj Khalaj tung
Oghur Chuvash tung - Hunnish tung? (dead) - Avar tung? (dead)
Siberish Sakha tung - Tuvish tung - Khakas tung - Chulym tung
Kipchak Kazakh tung - Kyrgyz tung - Tatar tung - Krimlandish Tatar tung
Japonish tungs
Japanish tung - Ryukyu tungs (moot)
Mongolish tungs
Khalkha tung - Buryat tung
Southialandish tungs
Philippine Philipslandish - Yami tung - Ivatan tung
Malayish Malay tung - Indonesish tung - Mualang tung
Polynesish Tongish - Samoish - Marquesish - Firelandish - Tahitish - Maorish
Sinitish-Tibetish tungs
Sinitish Chinesish
Tibetish-Burmish Burmish - Tibetish - Dzongkha tung
Niger-Congo tungs
Swahilish - Yorubish tung - Zulu tung
Koreish tungs
Koreish - Jeju tung
Southasiatish tungs
Vietnamish
Forbinded tungs Papiamento tung
Lone tungs
Baskish - Ainu tung
Other
Cherokee tung - Canaman Folktung - Esperantish tung (crafted) - Etruscish tung (dead) - Folkspraak tung (crafted) - Greenlandish tung - Toki Pona Tung (crafted) - Volapuk (crafted)
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