English Wordbook/P

Staff P of the English Wordbook.

Basic abbreviations:

• OE = Old English
• ME = Middle English
• SC = Scots
• WF = West Frish
• NF = North Frish
• SF = Saterlandish Frish
• WLG = West Low Theech
• ELG = East Low Theech
• NL = Netherlandish
• NHG = New High Theech
• IC = Icelandish
• HIC = High Icelandish
• NO = Nornish
• SW = Swedish
• DN = Danish
• MLG = Middle Low Theech
• MNL = Middle Netherlandish
• MHG = Middle High Theech
• OF = Old Frish
• OS = Old Saxish
• OHG = Old High Theech
• ON = Old Norse
• GO = Gottish
• PWG = Or-West-Theedish
• PG = Or-Theedish

For a full list of etymological and other abbreviations used in these wordlists, see: Offshortenings.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Chancery English	Class	Anglish/English
		Attested	Unattested
pabulum	n	fodder, food of thought	-
pace	vb/n	speed; step, walk, stride, tread	-
pacifier	n	soother	-
pacifist	n	dove	frithweaver
package	n	wrapping	-
paddle	n	oar	-
pædophile/pedophile	n	-	childluster
pædophilia/pedophilia	n	-	childlust
pagan	n	heathen	-
page	n	side, sheet, leaf	trammet (<OE tramet), leafside servant: theen
pacify	vb	allay	smolten, befrith
pain	n	smart(ing), soreness, acheness, sorrow, care, teen(e) (obsolete), warch/wark (obsolete; k-form may be due to influence from Norse), woe
painful	adj	acheful, nasty, sore, harsh, harrowing, smarting	-
paint	vb/n	mete (obsolete, but in the OED)	meal (<OE mǽlan) n: farb (<OE færbu) v. fay (<OE fǽgan) v. mete/meet (<OE (ámétan)
painting	n	meting (obsolete)	mealwork (cf. Ic. málverk)
pair	n	twain, twin, set	-
palace	n	hall	kingshouse, kingshome kinghove (<OE cynehof), king's dwelling
palate	n	roof of the mouth	goom (<OE góma)
palatine bone	n	-	goombone, roofbone
pale	adj	bleach, dull, fallow, light, washed-out; ashen, doughy, mealy, wan	-
pale	n	wall, weir	-
paleo-	pfx	ur-, or-	-
paleography	n	-	ur-/orwritelore
paleolithic	adj	-	ur-/orstonely, orstonish
paleontology	n	-	ur/orwightlore
palindrome	n	-	crabword, drowword
palisade	n	-	stakehedge, stakewall, stakework boardwall (<OE bredweall)
palliate	vb	whitewash; ease, soothe	-
pallid	adj	ashen, doughy, mealy, wan, ghastly, grey, bleak, white, sickly, ill	-
palmtree	n	-	folmtree, handtree
palpitate	vb	throb	-
pamphlet	n	flyer, folder, leafling	leafel
panaceä	n	heal-all (not common, but in OED)	allheal (calque)
pancreas	n	-	sweet kernel
pancreas (when used as a food)	n	gut bread	-
panda bear	n	-	(greater) catbear, eastern bear, eyeshadowbear
Pangaea	n	-	Alland (all + land; calque)
pangolin	n	-	shaledeer (calque)
panic	n	fright	-
panorama	n	-	allsight; roundsight (cf. NHG Rundblick) umsight (see um-)
Panthalassa	n	-	Allsea (all + sea; calque), Worldsea
pant(aloon)s	n	breeches, britches, shorts, leggings, hosen, strides, slacks, legwear	-
pants, under-	n	undies, underwear, drawers	netherlings, underkegs
papaya	n	-	blasterapple (calque of Cuban Spanish "fruta bomba")
paper	n	leaf, sheet, looseleaf	blade, 'paper' in OE (from Latin) means papyrus*
para-	suffix	over-
parable	n	likeness, byword	-
parachute	n	-	fallward (calque of French parachute, para (defense against) + chute (a fall) fallshirm (cf. NHG. Fallschirm, Du. valscherm)
paraclete	n	-	forverghost (<OE forforgast)
paradise	n	heaven, the afterlife	narxenwong (newtiding of OE neorxnawang; c.f. dark < OE deorc)
paradisiacal	adj	heavenly	heavenlike, narxenwongly
parallel	adj	akin, matching	getherwended, withstraight
parallelogram	n	-	akinside
paralysed(ysis)	adj/n	lame(ness), lamed	-
paramour	n	lover	leman
paranoia	n	mistrust	mad mistrust
paranoid	n	-	mad misgiver, overmistruster
paranormal	adj	otherwordly	overmean
paraphrase	n/vb	-	n. edwording vb. edword
parasite	n	bloodsucker, free rider	sidefeeder (calque of Gk. parasitos, para (beside) + sitos (food)
parasitism	n	bloodsucking, freeriding	sidefeeding
parasol	n	sunshade	-
parchment	n	bookfell	-
parent	n	elder; father or mother, childrearer	may (<OE mǣġ)
parenting	n	elderhood, childrearing, raising children/a child	-
parenthesis	n	-	breeches
parents	n	elders, folks	mays (<OE mǣġas)
pariah	n	outcast, castoff, black sheep	-
parietal bone	n	-	skullwall
parish	n	-	bedeshire
park	n	-	parrock, eddish (not exact: yard, field) deerton/deertown (<OE déortún)
parliament	n	-	folkthing (cf. Dan. Folketinget) ledeward, lawmoot, landmoot (there were shire moots, so this is the whole land)
parrot	n	-	redemouth (<OE rēodmūða) chatterbird
parsimonious	adj	mean, stinting, tightfisted	flint-skinning
parsley	n	-	crispleaf
part	n	deal, share, bit	-
part	vb	split, break, sunder	-
partake	vb	have	bytake, dealnim; thie (<OE þicgan; c.f. lie < licgan, buy < bycgan)
partial	n	-	bent (on), slanted (toward)
participate	vb	-	dealnim (<OE dælniman)
participation	n	-	dealnimhood in the Eucharist:  mansomeness (<OEġemænsumnes)
participant	n	-	dealnimmer
participle	n	-	dealnimmand (<OE dælnimand)
particle	n	mote, bit, crumb, mite, nip, shed; fleck, flyspeck, snip	wordling grammar
particularly	adv	namely, above all, all the more, at length, ever so, in the main, more than ever	hure (<OE huru), sunderly
partition	n	wall, wough	-
partner	vb/n	mate	in crime: wisithe (<OE wīġesīþ)
parturition	n	childbirth, birthing	-
party	n	gathering, fungathering, merrymaking, bash	-
parvenu	n	upstart	-
pascal	adj	-	tholing
pass	vb	overtake, overstep hand over, give	-
passage	n	path, way, pathway, footway, footpath	extract: plucking
passage of time	n	flow of time	timeflow
passenger	n	faregoer	faregest (cf. NHG Fahrgast) byfarer
passion	n	love	lithenship (<NHG Leidenschaft)
passive	adj	idle	throwendly (<OE þrowiendlic)
passport	n	-	wayleave, fareford, trekford
past	n/adj	bygone, forgone, former, last	forthwist (<OE forðgewitan), forganghood (<NHG vergangenheit), forgonehood / forgoneness, foretide (cf. IC fortíð)
pasta	n	noodle	-
pasture	n	grassland, lea, meadow	leasow
patella	n	kneecap	-
paternal	adj	fatherly	-
Paternoster	n	Our Father	Lord's Bead
pathetic	adj	rueful, ruthful, sad	-
pathos	n	sadness	-
patience	n	forbearing(ness)	thild (<OE geþyld, cf. NHG Geduld) moodthwearness (<OE módþwǽrnes)
patient	adj	forbearing	thildy (<OE þyld, cf. NHG geduldig)
patria	n	homeland, fatherland, motherland	-
patriarch	n	elder, eldfather	highfather (<OE hēahfæder)
patriarchy	n	-	fatherwield
patrician	n	-	highholder (<OE héahealdor)
patricide	n	-	fatherslaughter, fathermurder
patrimony	n	fathersland	-
patriotic	n	home-loving	landtrothen, fatherlandish (calque)
patriotism	n	home-love, flag-waving (pejorative)	landtrothenness, fatherlandloving, motherlandtrothness
patron	n	backer, bestower	-
patronage	n	business, trade	-
pattern	n	cut, doing, doings,folkway, goings-on, layout, outline,setting, shape, set-up, warp & woof, way, ways, weave, web, yardstick	model:  Forelay (<NHG. Vorlage)
pause	n	break, let-up	-
paucity	n	lack, fewness	-
pavement	n	sidewalk, footpath, walkway	-
pay	vb	yield, buy (it) set back (rearranging word order)	betale (cf. NHG bezahlen, Du. betalen)
payment	n	fee	betaling (cf. Du. betaling, NHG Bezahlung), scot
PDA	n	handheld	handheld reckoner
peace	n	frith, bliss	sib (<OE sibbe), grith (<OE griþ)
peaceful	adj	dovish	frithsome (cf. NHG. firedsam, Du vreedzaam) grithful (grith + ful)
peach	n	-	perseapple (ancient Greek calque)
peal	vb	ring, toll	-
peanut (OE from Latin)	n	earthnut, groundnut	-
pearl	n	-	seahurst, merhurst (<OE meregrot 'sea particle', <OE hyrst 'gem'), sandhurst
peasant	n	churl, boor, yeoman, husbandman, landman	-
peasant farmer	n		bour (<OE būr) pl: bours (<OE būras), cf. neighbour
peculation	n	thefting	-
peculiar	adj	freak, unwonted	markingly (cf. Nw. merkelig)
pedagogue	n	teacher	-
pedal	n	footkey	-
pedal	adj	foot(ed)	-
pedantic	n/adj	inkhorn(y), know-it-all, nitpicking, teachy, n: dryasdust	-
pedestal	n	-	footstone (<OE fótstán)
pedestrian	n	walker	footman, footfarer, footgoer
peel	n	husk, rind, shell, skin	-
peel	vb	rend, skin, shell, tear, pull off, slough off	-
peep	vb/n	cast, eye slang: gander	-
pegasus	n	-	winged horse
pejorative	adj	slighting	-
pelican	n	-	wanfoot dive-dapper or dive-dopper (<OE dūfedoppa; the first element is related to the verb "dive", not the noun "dove"; see OED entries "dive-dap|dive-dop" and "dive-dapper")
pellucid	adj	unclouded	-
pelt	n	fell, hide	-
pen	n	marker	writler, writingfeather, writingiron (< OE wrítung-ísen), writsax (<OE writ-seax), reed, quill (uncertain origin)
penance	n	bote	-
penchant	n	leaning, fondness	-
pencil	n	-	leadstick, graystick, writingstick
penetrate	vb	thrill, bore	-
peninsula	n	arm, foreland, headland, ness, spit	-
pentagon	n	-	fiveside, fivenook, fivedge
Pentecost	n	Whitsunday	-
penultimate	adj	last-but-one, next-to-last, forelast	-
penis	n	pizzle, dick/cock (both slang; both vulgar), pintle, tarse (both <OE), yard, shaft (slang), manhood (slang)	brine hose (slang),  bockler (Old Norse "bqllr")
penitence	n	rueness (<OE hreonisse), ruefulness, ruth	-
penurious	adj	stingy	-
people	n	folk; throng (group of people)	lede (<OE lēod, cf. NHG Leute, cf. Du. lieden)
perceive	vb	see, grasp, behold, smell, smack, fang, wit, witness; make out	yeme, onget bemark (cf. NHG./Du. bemerken) upmark (cf. Du. opmerken)
percent	n	-	hundredth(s)
percentage	n	-	hundredmeal
perception	n	insight, grip, hold	yeming, onget undergetting, understanding, truetake, soothtake
percolate	vb	leach	-
perdition	vb	forelornness	-
peregrine falcon	n	duck hawk	duckhawk, wanderfalk (cf. Dn. vandrefalk, NHG. Wanderfalke)
perfect	adj	flawless; all-out, blank, blooming, clean, sheer, flat-out	bild-board, swotel fulmade (cf. Du. volmaakt)
perfect	vb	hone, fullcome	-
perfidious	adj	unfaithful, untrustworthy	-
perforate	vb	riddle, thrill, stick, thirl/thurl (< OE thyrel, now obsolete or dialectal)
perform	vb	do forth, do, behave, work, play	uptread (theatrical; cf. Du. optreden) theen (<OE ġeþēon)
perfume	n	-	duft, cride athelstench (<OE æðelstenċ) wortbreath (<OE wyrtbrǣþ)
perfunctory	adj	halfhearted, careless	-
period	n	while, timespan, time frame, spell	-
perish	vb	forfare, forworth, swelt (dialectal)	-
perjure	vb/ n	forswear, lie under oath, oathbreach, oathbreaking	-
perhaps	adv	maybe, mayhap	byhaps, weenings (<OE wenunga)
perimeter	n	brim, hem, rim, skirt	mireline
perineum	n	bonch	-
permanent	adj	everlasting, eche (archaic), timeless, lasting	highfast (<OE hēahfæst), foreversome
permafrost	n	-	everfrost
permission	n	letting, leave, green light, furlough	letship, thave (<OE þafian), tholing tithe financial, lethood, letship
permit	vb/n	green-light, leave, let, go-ahead	thave (<OE þafian), thole tithe (<OE tiðian)
pernicious	adj	baleful, baneful	-
pernio	n	chilblain	-
perpendicular	adj	straight, upright	-
perpetually	adj	everlastingly, aye, unendingly	-
perpetuity, in	adv	forevermore	-
perplex	vb	bewilder	bewonder
persecute	vb	ail,  hound	-
persecution	n	witch hunt, hounding	-
perseverance	n	sticktoitivenesss	-
persistence	adj	steadfastness	-
persistent	adj	steadfast, dogged, bound	-
person	n	being, body, fellow, man, soul, wight, bloke	lede/leed(e) (<OE lēod, cf. NHG Leute, cf. Du. lieden) mennish (cf. Du. mens; NHG Mensch) grammar: sway (<OE swég)
personal	adj	selfly, monnly, self, own; inner, innermost, inmost; belittling; near; of oneself	mennishly
personality	n	egg, mood, selfhood, self	-
personnel	n	staff, men, ware	-
perspective	n	outlook, ken edge of sight (point of view)	view, opinion: onsight (cf. NHG ansicht), outsight (Eng., cf. Du uitzicht, <NHG aussicht) wist (native English kin to 'view' and 'vista'), wholesight
perspicacious	adj	insightful, keen, shrewd	mindswotel
perspicacity	n	insightfulness, keenness, shrewdness	-
persuade	vb	bring, talk into, win over	beswipe (<OE beswapan)
pursue	vb	follow a new path: tread, beat,	forfollow (cf. NHG verfolgen, Du. vervolgen) a new path:beshrithe (cf. NHG beschreiten) (see shrithe)
pertinacious	adj	headstrong, strong-willed	-
peruse	vb	look through, read through	-
pervade	vb	wade (archaic), go through, spread through, fill with	forwade (calque), yond-sprout? (<OE geondsprútan), throughthrust (<NHG durchdringen)
perverse	adj	overthwart	forchared, bewarped, thirtover, lewd, wayward, thrawn, forcouth, untoward
pervert	n	-	lewdster (Shakespeare), rakehell
pervert	vb	-	bewarp, offset, froward
petition	vb/n	bene, beseech, beg, ask	-
pet-name	n	nickname	ekename
petrify	vb	-	stun (<OE stunian)
petroleum	n	black gold (fuel:) leaded, unleaded	rock-lime (calque), stonesap
petticoat	n	-	smallpode (<"small" + OE "pād"), cloak, coat, and calque of ME pety coote, from pety (<Fr. Petit) + coat (<Fr cote)
petulant	adj	sour, moody, waspish	-
pessimism	n	naysaying, gloomthinking	-
pessimistic	adj	downbeat, hopeless	-
phantasm	n	dream; shade, shadow, wraith	-
phantom	n	ghost	-
phalanx	n	-	speerlining
Pharisee	n	-	Sunderholies (<OE 'sundor-halgan')
pharaoh	n	king (of Egypt)	Sunking
pheasant	n	-	wildhen (<OE wildhænn) woorhen (<OE wōrhana)
phenomenal	adj	outstanding, astounding	-
phenomenon	n	happening	-
-philia	sfx	-lust	-
philistine	adj	uncouth	-
philological	adj	-	speechwritlorish
philology	n	-	speechwritlore
philosophy	n	wisdom, world outlook	witlore, lorelief, wittinglove (calque)
phimosis	n	-	throttling
phlebotomy	n	bloodletting	-
phloem tube	n	-	wortrowel
-phobia	sfx
phobia	n	fear, misfear, fright, dread	-
phobic	adj	fearful	-
phoenix	n	-	firefowl
phone	n/vb	n: blower, dog and bone, farspeaker, handset vb: ring, tinkle	speechlore (linguistics): speechlimb, speechwhit (see whit)
phonetic	adj	-	dinly
phonological	adj	-	loudlorish, loudlore-
phonology	n	-	reardwork, reardlore, loudlore (cf. NHG Lautlehre), clanglore
phosphorescent	adj	-	lightshedding
phosphorus	n	-	lightstuff
photograph	n	shot; lightshot, frame	lightbilth (<IC. ljósmynd), lightwrit, lightdrawing
photography	n	lightshooting	lightbilthwrit, lightwritcraft, lightdrawingcraft
photon	n	-	lightmote, lightbit, lightgang (calque)
phrasal	adj	(grammar) bound, having many words but being one	wordstringly, quide (obs.)
phrase	n	-	wordstring, quide (obs.)
phylum	n	stem, stock, kind	-
physics	n	-	worldken
physical	adj	bodily, bodylike, wordly, earthly	lichly, lundsome
physician	n	leech	-
piano(forte)	n	-	beatharp/beat-harp (<IC slagharpa); keyharp
pickaxe	n	pike	-
picture	n	likeness, drawing, frame	bilth (<OE biliþ, cf. Sw. bild, NHG Bild; <Scots/Du.), lightdrawing
picturesque	adj	fair	wlitty (<OE wlitig) elfsheen (<OE ælfsciene)
pie	n	-	rindcake
piece	n	bit, snead, shtick (as in my piece/gimmick) piece of art/music work	of silver: silverling pl: silverlingen (<G, the Dschinghis Khan song, Judas, specifically) steck (<OE stycce, cf. NHG Stück)
piecemeal	adv	little by little, step by step, bit by bit	steckwise (cf. NHG stückweise)
pier	n	landing, wharf, breakwater	-
pierce	vb	bore, hole; gore, spear	-
pigeon	n	dove	towndove, mean dove
pile	n	heap, hill, mound, mow (hay), swath (corn)	-
pillage	vb	sack	reave
pillar	n	mast, pole, stake	-
pilot	n	lodeman, skyship boss, foreflyer, loftman	skyward
pilot whale	n	-	grindwhale (calque)
pimple	n	wheal	-
piñata	n	-	wonderbag (cf. NHG "wunderhüte") sweetpot
piña colada	n	-	mashed firapple (Spanish calque)
pinch	vb	nip, squeeze, steal, scrimp, nab	-
pine	n	fir, firtree, evergreen (more general)	furrowwood (<OE furhwudu)
pineapple	n	-	firapple (cf. Ic. ganaldin)
pinecone	n	-	firtap (cf. NHG Kiefernzapfen)
pioneer	n	groundbreaker, waymaker, pathfinder	foretrecker (cf. Du. Voortrekker)
pioneering	adj	groundbreaking, waymaking	foremoving, foretrecking (<Du. Voortrekker)
pious	adj	godly	arefast (<OE arfaest)
pip	n	seed; bee's knees, day's eye	kern
pipe	n	leat, reed (in some contexts)	rear (<PG *rauza-; cf. Sw. rör, NHG Rohr; cf. "red" = NHG "rot" <PG *raudaz)
pirate	n	-	seareaver, shaythman (<OE scegthmann)
pirate captain	n	-	highseareaver, highseathief (<OE héahsæþéof)
pisiform bone	n	-	peabone, peashapebone
piston	n	-	sucker (cf. Du. zuiger)
pity	n	shame; kindheartedness, ruth	eärming (<OE earmung)
pivotal	adj	key	-
pizza	n	-	flatcake, clampcake
place	vb	lay, put, stow, put down	-
place	n	spot, berth	ord, stead, stow, lough (<OE lóh)
place, special	n	-	sunderstow (<OE sundorstow)
placenta	n	afterbirth	mothercake (cf. NHG Mutterkuchen, SW. moderkaka)
plagiarism	n	thought-theft	-
plague	n	outbreak	folkbane, blightdom, mancwalm/manqualm (<OE "mancwalm")
plan	vb	forethink, plot (origin unknown), draft, hatch	howe (<OE hogian)
plan	n	layout, outline, draft, framework	howe
plank	n	board, sill	-
plankton	n	-	drifter moss
planning	n	frame, layout, shape, look, mean	howing
planet	n	wanderstar, world, (heavenly) body	tungel (<OE tungol), wanderer (calque from the Greek)
plantation	n	-	wortfield, seed farm, sowing field
plasma	n	-	state of matter: stirloft (<IC rafgas) blood: bloodslime
plaster	n/vb	stickum; besmear	limecoat
plastic	n	-	newclay, hardclay
plateau	n	dish; headland	flatberg
plate of metal	n	-	clout (<OE clút), fat/fet (<OE fæt)
platform	n	deck, staddle; soapbox	flatstand, flatstead; flatpad
platinum	n	white gold	-
platitude	n	hackneyed saying	flatness (calque)
platypus	n	watermole, duckbill, duckmole	billwight (cf. NHG schnabeltier) flatfoot (calque of Greek platypus) birdnose (calque of Greek ornithorhynchus)
pleasant	adj	blessed, darling, dreamy, good, grateful, heavenly, sweet, welcome	lief/ liefsome (Eng, NHG. lieb, Du. lief, calque of all Ger. speech) faining, listing,
please	interj	kindly, gladly, fain,	bid (cf. NHG bitte), liever (from lief)
please	vb	gladden, list	queme
pleased	adj	blissful, thankful	eady, quemed
pleasing	adj	grateful, welcome	quemely (<OE cwémlic)
pleasure	n	lust, gladness	quemeness (satisfaction), itheness (<OE īeðnes)
plebiscite	n	-	folkfrain, folkcast, folksay folkspoll, folksstevening (Du. volksstemming), folksanswer (NHG. Volksentscheid)
plectrum	n	pick	harpnail (<OE hearpenægel)
pledge	n	plight	-
pledge	vb	swear, sicker	-
plentiful	adj	rife, teeming, manyful	-
plenty	adv	enough/enow, many	weal
plethora	n	overflow	overmuchness
-plex	suf	-fold	-
plumage	n	feathers, featherware, hackles	-
plumber	n	-	leatfitter, bogfitter, johnman (slang), leadworker
plumbing	n	-	leadwork
plumbline	n	-	wall-thread (<OE weallþrǽd)
plunder	vb	-	stroud (<OE strūdian)
plunge	vb	dip, dunk, dive	-
plural	adj	-	manifold(ly) (<OE manigfealdlic), manysome
plutocracy	n	-	gelddom, goldwield
pluvial	adj	rain	indicator: watergall
pneumatic	adj	of a woman: shapely	thringlofty
poem	n	lay, yed (in OED, <OE giedd)	leeth (<OE leoð), leethsong (<OE leoðsang), adight (NHG gedicht)
poet	n	scop, writer, dighter	shop (<OE scop) leethwright (<OE leoþwyrhta)
poetry	n	dighting	leethcraft (<OE leoðcræft), wordcraft, shopcraft
point	n	tip, tine, nib; score; stake, log	Ord (Eng./NHG. but seldom)
point	v	token at point out sth: betoken, forewarn, make smb aware of
pointless	adj	-	sakeless
poison	n	bane, gall, atter (obsolete or dialectal)
pole (land/ physics)	n	axle
polar (land/physics)	adj	-	axled
polar bear	n	-	ice bear (NHG Eisbär, Dan. isbjørn, Du. ijsbeer, Ic. ísbjörn, Norw. isbjørn, Swed. isbjörn, W.Fris. iisbear), white bear (Far. hvítabjørn, Ic. hvítabjörn)
polar zone	n	land of the midnight Sun	everfrost belt
pole	n	-	shot <OE sceāt "corner, angle, nook," cognate of skaut) worldshot (<IC heimskaut)
polecat	n	-	thummart
polemic	n/adj	rant	-
police	n	law, watchmen	warden
political	adj	mootish party: mootband	-
politician	n	lawmaker	-
politics	n	-	mootsmanship, kingspeak
pollute	vb	foul, befoul, make dirty	smear, besnit, besmut
poltergeist	n	-	dinghost, rumbleghost
polycephaly	n	-	manyheadedness
polygamist	n	-	maniwed
polyglot	n	-	tonguesmith, manytongue
polygon	n	-	manihern
polyhedron	n	-	manineb
polytheïsm	n	-	sundertroth
pomegranate	n	-	seedapple (calque)
pompous	adj	showy, overbearing; high-flown, boastful	-
ponder	vb	wonder, eye, think, weigh, wrestle with	hiler, smigh
pontoon	n	card game: twenty one	sundstall
pony	n	-	horseling
poor	adj	in need, on the breadline, wretched, ill-stared, needy	arm (<ENG dialectal ety. 2,<br />ME, <OE earm) armthy (see armth)
pop (music)	n	folk	-
pope	n	Holy Father	Romish headrunner (runner = bishop, cf. NHG Läufer, Sw. löpare) Highfather (<OE héahfæder)
popular	adj	folkly, folkish	-
popularity	n	-	allthede-love (<IC alþýðu-lof)
populate	vb	-	befolk (cf. NHG bevölkern, Du. bevolken)
population	n	-	population: befolking (cf. NHG bevölkerung, Du. bevolking) inhabitants: inwoners (cf. NHG einwohnern, Du. inwoners) indwellers, folk, erdeners, allfolks(allhallows), dwellerscore, ledescore,
population density	n	-	huddlemete
populous	adj	-	folkful, folkrich (calque of German)
populus assembly	n	-	folkforsaming (calque of many germanic languages) folkgathering
porcelain	n	-	midricware (chinaware)
porcine	adj	piggish, swinish, boarish, hoggish
porcine	n	pig, boar, hog, swine, sow, yelt	-
porcupine	n	-	quillpig
pore	n	hole, hidehole, skinhole	thirl, sweathole
pork	n	pig, swine	farrow (<OE fearh)
pornography	n	-	whoreshowing
porous	adj	holey, seepsome	siftful, thirl (<OE thyrel)
porpoise	n	mereswine	-
porridge	n	mush	-
port	n	harbour, haven	ford, hythe
portable	adj	-	ferryworth
portmanteau	n	-	word: mingleword (cf. Du. mengwoord)
portal	n	doorway, door, gate, gateway	rother (<OE rodor)
portend	vb	bode, by-sen, forerun, ill-bode, foreshadow, forewarn	-
portent	n	-	foretoken, boding
portentous	adj	doomy, foreboding, ill-boding, threatening; awesome, stunning, wonderful	-
portion	n	deal, lot, share, dole	-
portrait	n	likeness (of)	bilth, mealing
position	n	berth	steadholding
positive (aspect)	n	upside	-
positive	adj	-	mathematics: overnaught
possess	vb	own, owe; devilsicken, bewitch, take, take over	-
possessed	adj	devilsick, owned, ought, owed,own, giddy, bewitched, deviltaken, deviled (Sir John Cheke)	-
possession	n	ownership, belonging, ought	ownedness (<OE anwædnesse)
possibility	n	likelihood, likeliness	mailihood, mightliness, maybehood, acendliness (<OE ácendlicnes), acumendliness (<OE ácumendlicnes)
possible	adj	likely	maily (<FR mooglik) maybesome, doughtbefall, dowedbefall, hapsome, mightsome, within reach, acumendly (<OE ácumendlic)
possibly	adv	maybe, likely	maily
post-	pref	after-	-
posterior	n	rump, back(side)	-
posteriority	n	afterness	-
posterity	n	offspring	-
post-existence	n	afterlife, afterbeing, the beyond, the great beyond, the next world, other world, the great unknown	-
posthuman	n	-	afterwere, gearwere, beyond mankind
posthumanism	n	-	afterweredom, gearweredom
postpone	vb	forestall, put off, call off	forshove (for- "away" + shove, cf. NHG verschieben), forslow
post script (p.s.)	n	afterthought	afterword, afterwrit (a.w.)
potassium	n	-	potash (pot-ash)
potato	n	spud, tater, tatty	earthapple (cf. NHG Erdapfel, Pl. ziemniak, N.Pers. سیب‌زمینی) nightshade runner ('solanum tuberosa'), shaderoot, breadroot
potential	adj	likely, maybe	maily
potential	n	strength, fitness, wherewithal
potion	n	-	tiverdrink (cf. Du. toverdrank), lib
pouch	n	-	pung (<OEpung, cf. Sw., Dn. pung)
poultry	n	fowl, barnyard birds, bird meat	-
pour	vb	teem, skink, shink, sie, yote	yeat; birle drink
poverty	n	need, want; dearth, drought,	armth, armhood
powder	n/vb	dust; beat, crush, grind
power	n	grip, sway, strength, brawn, might, mains	thrith (<OE thryth) wield/wold/wald (<OE weald) special: sundercraft (<OE sundorcræft) supreme: douthmight (<OE duguþmiht)
power	vb	drive, feed	-
power line	n	mains line	spark rope
powerful	adj	heavy, mighty, strong	thrythswythe (<OE þrȳþswȳð)
power supply	n	mains brick	-
practical	adj	working; earthy, down-to-earth	-
practically	adv	about, all-but, fair, fairly, more or less, nearly, well-nigh	-
practice	vb/n	-	n: oving (cf. NHG Übung, Du oefening) vb: ove (<PG ōbijaną cf. NHG üben, Du oefenen/ LG. öven)
pragmatic	adj	hardheaded, down-to-earth	-
praise	n	-	heriness (<OE herenes), hering (<OE herung), lof (<OE)
praise	vb	-	herry (<ME heryan)
pram	n	buggy	push-wainling (Barnes)
prayer	n	bead	ben, boon beadred (<OE bedræden), forben
prayerful	adj	-	beadful
pre-	pref	fore-	-
preach	vb	-	athelbid
preacher	n	-	athelbode (<OE éðelboda)
preamble	n	foreword, inleading, forespell	-
precaution	n	forecare	-
precede	vb	herald, forerun	-
precinct	n	space: pen pedestrian zone: walkway	-
precipitation	n	rainfall, snowfall, downsheet, breefall	downsheet
precious	adj	dear, dearworth, dearworthly	-
preciousness	n	dearworthiness	-
precise	adj	-	-
precisely	adv	well	-
preclude	vb	forestall, foreclose	-
precocious	adj	ahead	rathe-ripe, rathish
precognition	n	foreknowledge, foreboding	-
precursor	n	forerunner, forebear	-
predator	n	hunter (in some contexts)	reavedeer (cf NHG. Raubtier, Du. roofdier), flesheater
predecessor	n	forerunner; forebear, forefather	foreling (by analogy to afterling)
predestination	n	wyrd/weird, doom	weird, coring, foreteeing (<OE foreteohhung)
predetermine	vb	foredoom	-
predicament	n	swamp, catch 22, sticky wicket	hardfettle
predict	vb	foretell, foresay, foresee, forecast, soothsay, foreshow	-
prediction	n	foretelling, foresight, foretelling, forecast, soothsaying, foreshowing	-
predominant	adj	overweighing	-
preëminent	adj	foremost	elderdomly (<OE ealdordomlice)
preëxistence	n	aforeness, beforeness, forebeing	-
prefabricated	adj	ready-made, ready-built, forewrought	fore-timbered(houses)
preface	n	foreword	throughlook(ing) (<OE þurhlōcung)
prefect	n	-	fyrdenhighshireman
prefer	vb	forechoose, (would) rather	beliken
preferable	adj	-	liever, as lief (Eng. NHG. lieber, Du. liever)
preference	n	-	beliking, forechoosing
prefigure	vb	foreshadow, foreshow	-
prefix	n	-	forefastening
pregnant	adj	with child, heavy (with child)	bearing
prehistoric	adj	-	yesteryorely
prehistory	n	-	yesteryore study: forewritlore
prejudice(al)	n/adj	foredeem(ing)	-
prejudge	vb	foredeem	-
prelude	n	foreword, warm-up	forspell
premature	adj	untimely, unripe	foreripe
prematurely	adv	beforehand, oversoon	-
premeditated	adj	forethought	-
premier	adj	foremost, first	-
premise	n	given, if; toft (building site')	forehedging
premonition	n	forefeeling, foreboding	-
preoccupy	vb	-	forebusy
preparation	n	-	reening, readying, foregearing, gearwing (<OE gearwung)
prepare	vb	taw, fit, fix, groom, lay, ready; draft, draw up, frame; lay out, foreready, forework	reen (<OE renian),
prepared	adj	ready, tawed, neat, foreworked, forereadied	-
preposition	n	-	foreput, foresetness (< Ælfric's OE calque 'foresetnes')
prepuce	n	foreskin	-
prequel	n	-	forefollow, forebook
prerequisite	n	-	foreneed
prescience	n	foreknowledge; farsightedness, oresightedness, forethought	forewisdom
prescient	adj	farseeing, farsighted, forehanded, foreseeing, forethoughtful, forward	-
prescribe	vb	lay down	forewrite
presence	n	sight; look, outside	bybe (cf. Du. bijzijn), onbe-hood, theresomeness
present	adj	in; ongoing, nowaday, today's, now's, nowadays', running, nowen	onbe-ish, andward (<OE andweard), gainward (cf. NHG gegenwart), nowa
present	n	here and now, today; gift, handsel	nowtide, nowtime, nonce, time being, now, grammar: andward (<OE andweard)
present	vb	show; give, bestow, furnish, put forth, set forth, bring forth	foredraw/foredrag (calque of all Ger. speeches), forthset, forthput, overreach (cf. Ger. überreichnen) submit: forelay (cf. NHG vorlegen)
Presentation of the Lord	n	Candlemas	-
presentiment	n	forefeeling	-
preserve	vb	forlast, hain, keep, uphold, aspare
preside	vb	steward, overlook	foresit over
president	n'"	-	foresitter (calque), kithhead, stoolman, landleader
press	vb	thring, thrutch	-
press down	vb	-	bethryck (<OE beþryccan)
pressure	n	-	thringmight, thryck
presume	vb	foreguess, daresay	athrist (<OE áthristian)
presumably	adv	likely, seemingly
presumptuous	adj	uppity, overweening, daring	-
presuppose	vb	-	forettle, forise (<OErǣswian)
pretend	vb	do as if, play as if, sham, put on	bebraid (<OE bebregdan), braid (<OE gebregdan), hue (<OE hiwian), let (<OE lætan), fordo, formake
pretender	n	would-be	-
pretense	n	put-on, show; high horse	-
pretentious	adj	showy, hoity-toity, over the top, kitsch	-
prevail	vb	hold up, keep up, last	throughswithe (<OE þurhswiðan)
prevent	vb	hinder, forcome, forbid, forestop, forestall, forehinder	let (<OE lettan), forstand
preview	vb/n	forelook, forepeek, foreshow, foreshowing	-
previous	adj	former, last, latter, foregoing, earlier, yester	-
previously	adv	afore, already, before, beforehand, earlier, formerly	-
prey	n	(the) hunted (in some contexts)	feng (<OE)
price	n	outlay, worth
pride	n	-	unmoodness (<OE unmōdnes)
prima donna	n	leading lady	-
primacy	n	-	foremostness, elderdom (<OE)
primary	adj	foremost, first, erst, main	-
primer	n	-	futhorc writ, firstbook
primeval	adj	hoary, olden	-
prince	n	atheling, highness	high earl, kingling, first (cf. NHG Fürst, Du. vorst)
princess	n	highness	queenling, high earlin, fo(u)rstin (cf. NHG Fürstin, Du. vorstin)
principality	n	-	frimdom (<OE fruma), high earldom
principle	n	-	howing, eldertruth
principle	adj	main, foremost, first, head	-
print	vb	-	thrick (<OE þryccan), forlau, outlay
printing press	n	-	thrycker, thringing thryck calque
prior	adj	before(hand), earlier	-
priority	n	right-of-way	forerank, foreweight, oreness, beforeness
prism	n	block	andleamer
prison	n	clink, lockup	dung [plural ding] (<OE dung)
prisoner	n	inmate	haftling (<OE hæftling, cf. NHG Häftling)
pristine	n	earliest, firstness, spotless, yoreness, orhood	-
private	adj	hushed	dern, onelepy (<OE anlipig), sunder
privilege	n	right, freedom	sunderfreedom (<OE), sundergift (cf. OE sundorgiefu)
privileged	adj	gifted	-
privy	n	outhouse	dern
pro	n	craftsman
probable	adj	likely	-
probably	adv	likely, in all likelihood, likely enough, maybe, most likely, belike	trueshinely (cf. Du. waarschijnlijk, NHG wahrscheinlich)
probity	n	uprightness	-
problem	n	worry, kinch, bugbear, reck, hang-up, hitch, snag, rub	-
procedure	n	-	forsetting (cf. Da. fortsætte, Sw. fortsätta) forfareld
proceed	vb	go forward/forth/on/ahead	yede, forfare (cf. NHG verfahren), forthfare, forthgo
proceeding	n	-	foregoing, foregang (cf. NHG Vorgang)
process	vb	-	forework, forthfaring, forfare (cf. NHG verfahren), taw
process	n	-	foregang (cf. NHG Vorgang), workway
processor	n	computer: mainframe	telcruncher, reckoner
proclivity	n	forelike, forelove	towardbend
procrastinate	vb		forresten
procreäte	vb	beget, breed	-
procurator	n	-	highshireman (<OE hēahscīremann)
procure	vb	-	beshape (cf. NHG beschaffen)
product	n	ware	-
productive	n	waresome, thrifty, yoelding	-
prodigy	n	-	wonderchild
prodigal	adj	spareless	unbridled, feespilling
produce	vb/n	vb: beget, breed, bring about, bring forth, draw on, work, yield n: handiwork, output, thing, work, yield, outcome	forthbring
production	n	yield, output, handiwork	forthbringing
productive	adj	-	forthbear (<OE forþbære)
proem	n	foreword	-
professional	adj	skilled	-
professional	n	worker, craftsman	-
professor	n	lorespeaker, loregiver	-
profit	n	gain, boot, yield, winnings, earnings	-
profitable	adj	worthwhile	-
proficiency	n	skill	-
profound	adj	underlying, deep	-
profoundly	adv	underlyingly, deeply, groundly	-
profusely	adv phr	flow thickly, running overly, teemingly	-
profusion	n	beteeming	-
progenitor	n	begetter, elder(s), father(s), forebear(s), forefather(s), fore-elder(s), Forerunner(s)	-
program	n	-	foredraught, broadcast, sending (see source code) language: draft writ
progress	n	inroads, headway	forthship (<OE forþscype) forthstride
progressive	adj	forward, late; broad-minded; cutting-edge	forblowing
prohibit	vb	forbid, forfend	-
project	n	work	howe, goalwork
projector	n	beamer	-
prokaryote	n	-	forenut, forekern (calque)
prolific	adj	fat, lush, rich	birthy, broodful, birthful
prologue	n	foretale	-
promise	n	behight, oath, troth, foreword,	-
promise	vb	behight, swear; forebode	forspeak (NHG. versprechen), forhight (cf. NHG verheissen)
promontary	n	headland, foreland, ness, hoe	-
promote	vb	uprear, (up)further, boost	-
prone	adj	given, open; helpless	alout (<OE áloten) v. forthlout (<OE forþlútan); onfally (<NHG. anfällig) (see onfall)
pronghorn antelope	n	-	tinedeer, outrunning tinehorner
pronoun	n	-	byname (<OE binama), forename (<OE forenama)
pronounce	vb	-	speak out/ outspeak (cf. NHG aussprechen, Du. uitspreken)
pronunciation	n	-	wordway loudcarve (<IC. hljóðkerfi) outspeech (cf. NHG aussprache, Du. uitspraak) how to say [it] proper/correct:' rightsteven (<OE rihtstefn)
proof	n	witness	shedding reckonedness (<OE gerecednes) bewise (calque of many germanic languages)
propel	vb	thrust, drive, drive forth	-
proper	adj	fitting, meet, seemly, right, true, echt	bedavenly (<OE gedafenlic)
property	n	ownings, holdings; hallmark, belongings	ownhood, owndom (<NHG. eigentum) private: sunderfee (<OE sundorfeoh), landgood (Du. landgoed)eaght (<OE æht)
prophesy	vb	foretell, foresee, soothsay	-
prophesy	n	foresight, boding, foretelling, soothsaying	-
prophet	n	seer, soothsayer, foresayer (Sir John Cheke)	-
proposal	n	-	forthput, forthputting
propose	vb	put forth, say	forthput, forthsay
propriëtor	n	householder, owner, landlord/lady	-
propulsion	n	thrust	-
proscribe	vb	forbid	-
prosecute	v	-	forfollow (cf. Du. vervolgen, NHG. verfolgen)
prosecution	n	-	forfollowing (cf. Du. vervolging, NHG verfolgung)
proselyte	n	freshman (Sir John Cheke)	-
prosopagnosia	n	-	neb blindness
prosper	vb	thee	-
prosperity	n	theedom	forblowing (<OEblowan)
prosperous	n	lush	theely
prostitute	vb	whore	-
prostitute	n	hooker, whore, streetwalker, hustler	-
prostrate	adj	aground	-
prostrate oneself (to)	vb	lay aground before	hien (<OE hīenan, lit. "to lie prostrate")
protagonist	n	-	headfellow (cf. Dan. hovedperson)
protarchæopteryx	n	-	foreorfowl, first orbird
protect	vb	ward, shield, forstand	-
protection	n	shield, ward	lewing (<OEhleowung) mundwist (<OEmundwist)
protective	adj	-	mundly (<OE mundian), wardly
protector	n	warden	holdand (<OE healdend)
protégé	n	ward	-
protein	n	-	eggwhite (cf. NHG Eiweiß, Du. eiwit)
protest	n/vb	uproar, outcry wrangle, gainsay	forstride
Protestant	adj	-	gainstish, fortrothen
Protestant	n	-	gainsayer, fortrothen
proto-	pref	or-, ur-	-
Proto-Germanic	n	-	ortheedish
proton	n	-	firstbit
protoplasm	n	-	orslime
protrude	vb	stick out, jut	-
protuberance	n	outgrowth,	-
proud	adj	showy, overbearing, lofty, stout	rank (<OE ranc) stolt (<OE stolt, cf. NHG stolz)
prove	vb	show, truthen	soothe (OE 'soþian,' ME 'sothen') bewise (Calque of many germanic Lanuages)
proverb	n	byword, saying, saw, folksay(ing)	-
provide	vb	afford, feed, give, hand over	beheft
province	n	-	landshare; outland, folkshire (<OE folcscearu)
provocation	n	-	greming (<OE gremung)
prow	n	foreship	-
prudence	n	forewit, sparefulness, wariness, wisdom	flackheadedness (flack 'level' <Fr, Du.)
prune	n	plum	-
pruning	n	shredding/shreading (in OED, obsolete; <OE scrēadung)
Prunus Spinosa	n	blackthorn, sloe	sloethorn (<OE slāhþorn)
Prussia	n	Pruceland, Leatherland
pry	vb	1. key-hole 2. uproot	-
prying	n/adj	key-holeing	-
pseudo-	n	fake, -like	lease-
psychedelic	adj	-	soulkithing, mindopening, mindrooming, soulopening (cf. Sw. "själsöppnande")
psychiatrist	n	shrink	mindhealer, soulkithler, mindlore(wo)man
psychiatry	n	-	soulkith (cf. Du. seelkunde), mindkith
psychic	n	-	soulsman, mindsman
psychic	adj	-	soulish, mindish
psychologist	n	shrink	mindlorer, mindloreman
psychology	n	-	mindlore
psychopath	adj	-	mindsick, mind-ill
psychotropic/psychoactive	adj	-	mindwending
pubic bone	n	-	shamebone
pub(lic house)	n	inn, alehouse, boozer	-
public	n	-	openlihood (cf. NHG Öffentlichkeit)
public	adj	open, mean	-
public servant	adj	-	theen, onbidsman
public toilet	n	-	outhouse
publication	n	-	foropening (cf. NHG veröffernlichung) abaning
publish	vb	forthset, bring out; forthsend	lay down: forlay (cf. NHG verlegen), outlay, foropen (cf. NHG veröffenlichen), aban (<OE abannan),
publisher	n	-	forlayer, forlay house (cf. NHG verlag) abaner
pulsate	vb	beat, throb	-
pulse	n	1. beat, throb 2. bean	-
pumice	n	-	foamstone
pumpkin	n	marrow	tillberry, harvestball
punch	vb	clout	handstrike, fiststrike, dunch
punctuation	n	-	tokenmark, tokensetting (cf. NHG Zeichensetzung, Dan. tegnsætning)
punish	vb	strafe	witten (<OE wítnian)
punishment	n	strafe	wittening (<OE wítnung)
pup	n	whelp	-
pupil	n	of the eye: strale	-
puppet	n	cat's paw	handdoll (cf. NHG Handpuppe)
purchase	vb	buy, take	-
pure	adj	clean, sheer, white	swotel (<OE sweotol)
Purgatory	n	-	Sweepfire (cf. NHG Fegefeuer), Otherworld
purge	vb	cleanse	furb
purify	vb	cleanse	beswotel
purple	n	-	bawse (<OE basu), fishdye (<OE fiscdēah), tiver (<OE teafor), woaden (<OE wæden), redblee, bleerëd (<OE blēorēod), clamhue, clam
purple dye	n	-	welktallow (<OE weoloctælg)
purple martin	n	-	bawseswallow, bleeswallow
purpose	n	sake, goal	-
pursue	vb	follow, shadow, tail	-
pursuit	n	following, shadowing, tailing	woath (<OE wāþ)
purveyor	n	monger	-
pus	n	atter	-
push	vb	shove, thrust, thrutch	outarm
pustule	n	pock, w(h)eal, whelk
putrefaction	n	rot(ting)	addleness
puzzle	n/vb	brainteaser, riddle	-
pygmy	n	dwarf; Tom Thumb	-
pyramid	n	-	fourflat (cf. Du. viervlak)
pyromania	n	-	firemadness
pyromaniac	n	-	firesetter
pyrophobia	n	-	fireawe, firefear, baleyse (<OE bælegsa)